As a result, blood tests cannot be used to see if the infection has been cured after treatment. Stool Test A stool test can detect traces of H pylori in the feces. This test can be used to diagnose the infection and confirm that it has been cured after treatment.
Biopsy A tissue sample, called a biopsy , is taken from the stomach lining. This is the most accurate way to tell if you have an H pylori infection.
To remove the tissue sample, you have a procedure called endoscopy. The procedure is done in the hospital or outpatient center. Usually, a biopsy is done if endoscopy is needed for other reasons.
Reasons include diagnosing the ulcer, treating bleeding, or making sure there is no cancer. Why the Test is Performed.
Testing is most often done to diagnose H pylori infection: If you currently have a stomach or duodenal ulcer If you had a stomach or duodenal ulcer in the past, and were never tested for H pylori After treatment for H pylori infection, to make sure there are no more bacteria Testing may also be done if you need to take long-term ibuprofen or other NSAID medicines.
Normal results mean there is no sign that you have an H pylori infection. What Abnormal Results Mean. Alternative Names. Helicobacter Pylori Infections Read more. Test Overview Helicobacter pylori tests are used to detect a Helicobacter pylori H. A urea breath test checks to see if you have H. This test can show if you have an H. It can also be used to see if treatment has worked to get rid of H.
Stool antigen test. A stool antigen test checks to see if substances that trigger the immune system to fight an H. Stool antigen testing may be done to help support a diagnosis of H.
Stomach biopsy. A small sample biopsy is taken from the lining of your stomach and small intestine during an endoscopy. Several different tests may be done on the biopsy sample. To learn more, see the topic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Why It Is Done H. Find out if treatment for the infection worked.
How To Prepare Stool antigen test Medicines may change the results of this test. Do not take antibiotics or medicines containing bismuth such as Pepto-Bismol for 1 month before the test.
Do not take proton pump inhibitors such as Nexium or Prilosec for 2 weeks before the test. Stomach biopsy or urea breath test You will be asked to not eat or drink anything for a certain amount of time before having a breath test or a stomach biopsy. Do not take proton pump inhibitors for 2 weeks before the test. Do not take H2 blockers, such as Pepcid or cimetidine, for 24 hours before the test.
How It Is Done Urea breath test A breath sample is collected when you blow into a balloon or blow bubbles into a bottle of liquid. The health professional will: Collect a sample of your breath before the test starts.
Give you a capsule or some water to swallow that contains tagged or radioactive material. Collect more samples of your breath. The samples will be tested to see if they contain material formed when H.
Stool antigen test For this test, you may be asked to collect the stool sample at home. To collect the sample, you need to: Pass stool into a dry container. Either solid or liquid stools can be collected.
Be careful not to get urine or toilet tissue in with the stool sample. Replace the container cap. Label the container with your name, your doctor's name, and the date the sample was collected. Wash your hands well after you collect the sample. Take the sealed container to your doctor's office or to the lab as soon as you can. Stomach biopsy A procedure called endoscopy is used to collect samples of tissue from the stomach and the first part of the small intestine.
How It Feels Urea breath test This test usually doesn't cause any pain or discomfort. The tissue samples are tested in the lab to see if they contain H. In rare cases, a biopsy sample may be placed in a container with a substance that promotes the growth of H.
This is called an H. If no bacteria grow, the culture is negative. Sometimes other tests are done to find the right medicine for treating the infection.
This is called sensitivity testing. How It Feels Blood antibody test The blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm. Urea breath test A urea breath test does not normally cause discomfort.
Stool antigen test Collecting a stool sample normally does not cause any discomfort. Stomach biopsy You may notice a brief, sharp pain when the intravenous IV needle is placed in a vein in your arm. Risks Blood antibody test There is very little chance of a problem from having a blood sample taken from a vein. You may get a small bruise at the site. You can lower the chance of bruising by keeping pressure on the site for several minutes. In rare cases, the vein may become swollen after the blood sample is taken.
This problem is called phlebitis. A warm compress can be used several times a day to treat this. Urea breath test There are no known risks or complications with a urea breath test.
Stool antigen test There are no risks or complications with a stool sample. Stomach biopsy There is a slight risk 1 in 10, of puncturing the wall of the esophagus , stomach, or duodenum during an endoscopy to collect stomach biopsy samples. Results Helicobacter pylori tests are used to detect a Helicobacter pylori H.
Blood antibody test Normal: The blood sample does not contain H. Abnormal: The blood sample contains H. Urea breath test Normal: The breath sample does not contain the tagged carbon dioxide.
Abnormal: The breath sample contains the tagged carbon dioxide. Stool antigen test Normal: The stool sample does not contain H. Abnormal: The stool sample contains H. Stomach biopsy Normal: The biopsy sample does not contain H. Abnormal: The biopsy sample contains H. What Affects the Test Reasons you may not be able to have the test or why the results may not be helpful include the following: Most urea breath tests now use tagged carbon rather than radioactive carbon.
If you are pregnant, the radioactive urea breath test for H. Use of antibiotics may affect the results of the urea breath test, the stool antigen test, and stomach biopsy by reducing the number of H. The use of cimetidine, famotidine Pepcid , lansoprazole Prevacid , nizatidine Axid , omeprazole Losec , rabeprazole Pariet , ranitidine Zantac , sucralfate Sulcrate , or medicines containing bismuth such as Pepto-Bismol can also interfere with the results of the urea breath test, the stool antigen test, and stomach biopsy.
A stomach biopsy may not detect an H. Rough handling, contamination, or inadequate refrigeration of the blood sample can cause inaccurate blood antibody test results. When a blood antibody test is done early in an H. The likelihood of infection with H. Older adults are more likely to have detectable amounts of the bacteria in their body. What To Think About Most urea breath tests now use tagged carbon rather than radioactive carbon. The stool antigen test may not be as accurate as the other tests for Helicobacter pylori.
The stomach biopsy is very accurate, but it is the most risky of the four tests. A negative stool antigen test does not always mean that an H. Although many people are infected with H. For this reason, other factors such as a person's symptoms should be considered when interpreting the results of an H.
Blood tests for H. If your symptoms don't go away, an endoscopy may be needed. Having an infection with H. But the risk is very low. For some people who have taken medicine to treat a Helicobacter pylori H. Some experts recommend a follow-up test to check for H. Upset stomach dyspepsia symptoms are present even after H. Resection of early stomach gastric cancer has been done. References Citations Chey WD, et al. American College of Gastroenterology guideline of the management of Helicobacter pylori infection.
American Journal of Gastroenterology , 8 : — Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 6th ed. Louis: Saunders. Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
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