The station is today one of only six Grade I listed railway stations in the UK. Newcastle ranks as the 15th UK city most visited by visitors from overseas. It is also said to have the best student nightlife in the UK! Newcastle was the filming location for gangster movie Get Carter and noir thriller Stormy Monday.
Mosley Street was the first street in the world to be illuminated by electric light. Newcastle has seven bridges crossing the river in the space of half a mile. The Lit and Phil Library, formally known as the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne, is the largest independent library outside London and it houses more than , books!
St James Park, the home of Newcastle United, is one of the oldest football stadiums in the UK and it is located right in the heart of the city. The prestigious Turner Prize Exhibition has taken place outside London only four times since On one of these occasions, Newcastle's Baltic Flour Mills was not only its host, but it also beat previous visitors records. Energy and sports drink Lucozade was invented in Newcastle by chemist William Owen.
Bridges over the River Tyne. Originally a settlement called Pons Aelius, Newcastle was later named after the Roman fort that once stood at its centre. His creation of a wholly new stone built classical town centre, using a range of high quality architects including John Dobson, John and Benjamin Green, Thomas Oliver, John Wardle and George Walker within the still predominantly medieval town was one of the architectural achievements of the nineteenth century.
The area, for centuries recognised as the home of coal Coals to Newcastle! In the closing years of the nineteenth century Tyneside was the scene of the invention of the electric light bulb, the application of turbine power to marine engineering with the building of Turbinia and the development of modern electricity generation and supply.
Developments which heralded the enormous and rapid changes in technology, life and society in the twentieth century. Johnson In , The wholesale collapse of the area's industrial base which resulted from the over concentration of activity in the interrelated mining, shipbuilding, armaments and heavy engineering industries in the inter-war years left a legacy with which the region was forced to struggle for decades.
Out of this came a series of innovative initiatives and efforts to modernise both the social and economic structures of the region which have illustrated the spirit of the region. There are over 17, sites on our database, which include monuments, earthworks, cropmarks, historic parks and gardens, battlefields, industrial sites and 20th century defence sites.
We also hold a wide collection of associated historic maps, photographs, archaeological fieldwork reports and reports on historic building recording. If you would like to give us feedback on our website, please complete this short online form.
Skip to main content. Home Our city History and heritage. Title Have your say History and heritage. Four principal churches developed and the precincts of at least eight religious houses, a Benedictine nunnery and the four houses of the Austin, White, Grey and Black friars all stood within the medieval town, Border Fortress Newcastle had an enormous strategic importance as a base and fortress in every period of conflict between Scots and English from Norman and early Plantagenet times to the second Jacobite rebellion.
The Beginnings of Greatness The strategic importance of Newcastle was matched by its growing importance as the centre of what was to become known as the Great Northern Coalfield. The Second City of the Land By the time of the Civil War Newcastle is established as not only a regional capital but as the second city in the land. Cradle of the Industrial Revolution The stirrings of the industrial revolution begin on Tyneside with the use of coal to fire the manufacture of glass.
Where Railways were Born The steam locomotive and with it the modern railway was originally developed not to provide public transport but to serve the coal industry. A City of Palaces The growth and achievement of the region was embodied in that of Newcastle itself.
Although the wall was largely destroyed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there are still a number of sections which remain today, particularly to the west of the city. It was during the Middle Ages that the town flourished as a frontrunner in the wool trade , wool being a key commodity during medieval times. In recognition of its strategic position the town was favoured by the royals, receiving its own mayor in and becoming a county town in complete with its own sheriff.
Even the decline of the wool trade in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries had little effect on Newcastle since a royal act in had decreed that all coal exports in the North East were shipped from Newcastle quayside, even coal which was not mined in the town. This allowed Newcastle to prosper as a regional centre for trade and halted the growth of local neighbours such as Sunderland, thus creating a rivalry which remains today.
However, its prominent trade links were soon restored and it was business as usual after the Reformation when Newcastle began to trade and export products such as iron, slate and glass. The commercial industry was not the only sector to flourish in Newcastle.
By the eighteenth century the printing industry was the fourth biggest in UK after London , Oxford and Cambridge and the Newcastle Gazette and the Newcastle Courant were the first newspapers in circulation in northern England when they were introduced in and The establishment of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne in or the Lit and Phil as it is affectionately referred to attracted intellectuals and academics alike with its wide-ranging debates and plentiful literature in French, Spanish, German and Latin.
The building even became the first to use electric lightbulbs when the inventor Joseph Swan chose the Lit and Phil as the showcase for his latest invention. During the industrial revolution of , heavy industry thrived in Newcastle and its location made it an ideal base for building the ships and steam trains which powered the era.
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